SOURCES AND ANALYTICAL INTERPRETATIONS ON THE POLITICAL INTERACTION BETWEEN ZAKI VALIDI TOGAN AND THE LEADERS OF THE ALASH

2025-11-12T09:08:49+00:00

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the political, intellectual, and cultural interactions between Ahmed Zeki Velidi Togan and the Kazakh intelligentsia. Drawing upon archival documents, memoirs, and historical records, the authors explore the interconnections between the Bashkir autonomy and the Alash movement, emphasizing the shared ideological and national objectives of Turkic intellectuals during the early twentieth century.

Togan is portrayed not merely as a prominent Bashkir scholar and statesman, but as a pan-Turkic figure whose ideas and academic legacy significantly contributed to the formation of national consciousness and the advancement of historical scholarship in Kazakhstan. His major works, including Türkistan Tarihi and Hatıralar, are examined as essential sources for understanding the history of Kazakhstan, the struggle against colonial domination, and the pursuit of cultural and political independence.

Special attention is devoted to Togan’s collaboration with the leaders of the Alash movement – Alikhan Bokeikhan, Akhmet Baitursynuly, and Mirzhakyp Dulatuly. Their cooperation is analyzed in the context of shared principles such as Turkic unity, national autonomy, and the promotion of education and science in the native language.

The article concludes that Togan’s intellectual and political interactions with the Alash figures constitute not only a significant historical phenomenon but also a lasting foundation for understanding the cultural and ideological solidarity of the Turkic world. The findings outline prospective research avenues, including the digitalization of his works, interdisciplinary studies, and international academic collaboration within the framework of Turkology.

THE PROBLEMS OF MODERNIZATION OF TRADITIONAL ECONOMY OF THE KAZAKH PEOPLE IN THE WORKS OF A.N. BUKEYKHANOV

2025-12-10T20:59:48+00:00

This article presents the scientific views of A.N. Bukeikhanov, a prominent Kazakh political and public figure, journalist and publicist, on the modernisation of traditional Kazakh agriculture in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The aim of this article is to summarise the various ideas of A.N. Bukeikhanov, published in the press, within a single concept of the future socio-economic development of an independent country. The results of the study included the thesis that Alikhan Bukeykhanov relied on advanced socio-economic views that were widespread not only in Europe but also in Asia (Japan). His ideal socio-economic system was based on ‘people’s’ self-government bodies - ‘zemstvo’-s and cooperatives, which in turn were based on traditional structural communities. According to Alikhan Bukeikhanov, the modernization of traditional types of economy should have become the basis for further economic development. His works show that the problems of the traditional subsistence system should be solved as a single complex problem, taking into account many factors, among which he considered the ecological one to be important. This approach clearly favoured the preservation of a certain part of semi-nomadic cattle breeding as the economic and cultural type most adapted to the natural conditions of the Kazakh steppe.

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SOURCES AND ANALYTICAL INTERPRETATIONS ON THE POLITICAL INTERACTION BETWEEN ZAKI VALIDI TOGAN AND THE LEADERS OF THE ALASH

THE PROBLEMS OF MODERNIZATION OF TRADITIONAL ECONOMY OF THE KAZAKH PEOPLE IN THE WORKS OF A.N. BUKEYKHANOV