TOPOGRAPHY OF KARAULTOBE-TYPE MONUMENTS OF ISPIDJAB AND METHODS OF THEIR DOCUMENTATION

Abstract

The article is devoted to the results of a study of defensive structures of the Karaultobe type located within the Ispidzhab historical and cultural district. The object of the study was an ancient system of defense and visual warning that ensured the security of the surrounding territories, particularly urban centers and trade routes. The study was based on data from topographic surveying, geographic information analysis, aerial photography using unmanned aerial vehicles, and photogrammetric methods. Based on the data obtained, digital models, orthophotoplans, elevation maps, and topographic plans were created. All of this made it possible to identify the characteristics of their typology, layout, dimensions, spatial location, and functional purpose.