THE HISTORY OF THE CLOSURE OF THE SEMIPALATINSK NUCLEAR TEST SITEl

Abstract

The article examines the history of the closure of the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site, the formation and development of the anti-nuclear movement in Kazakhstan, as well as the policy of nuclear disarmament of independent Kazakhstan. The article analyzes the socio-political significance of the Nevada-Semipalatinsk movement, its role in stopping nuclear testing and its impact on the closure of the landfill. The environmental, social and medical consequences of the nuclear tests conducted at the Semipalatinsk test site will also be described. The importance of Kazakhstan's voluntary renunciation of nuclear weapons in strengthening international security is noted and highly appreciated by the international community. The closure of the test site and the abandonment of nuclear weapons is assessed as one of the most important political decisions in the history of Kazakhstan, and its historical significance has not lost its relevance at the present stage. The methodological basis of the research is based on the principles of objectivity, historical continuity and consistency of historical knowledge, which allow us to consider events in their historical context and identify cause-and-effect relationships. The research uses a historical and comparative method based on a comparison of the course of nuclear policy during the Soviet period and the nuclear disarmament of independent Kazakhstan. The results of the study determine the historical significance of Kazakhstan's initiatives to create a world without nuclear weapons.Keywords: Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site, Nevada–Semipalatinsk Movement, antinuclear policy, nuclear disarmament, environmental consequences, Kazakhstan, international security.